A Family Doctor's Tale - ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

DOC MY FATHER HAS DEMENTIA

Alzheimer's disease is  a disease in which brain tissue degenerates. In Alzheimer's disease there is a severe and progressive decline in mental function. It is the most common cause of dementia (a general term for the loss of memory and other intellectual abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life).


The cause is as yet unknown but there are several different factors which may contribute to its development.
 Aging is one important risk factor.
 The illness mostly affects people over the age of 65.
 A family history of Alzheimer's disease is another risk factor.


Two abnormal structures called plaques and tangles are prime suspects in damaging and killing nerve cells.Plaques build up between nerve cells. Tangles form inside dying cells.Most scientists believe they somehow block communication among nerve cells and disrupt activities that cells need to survive.


Forgetfulness is often one of the earliest symptoms (Patients may forget dates, names of common objects and familiar people)
Confusion(Disorientation in time and place) ,
Trouble with organizing
Misplacing things,
Difficulty in expressing thoughts,
Difficulty performing familiar tasks
Difficulty understanding others
Poor or decreased judgment
Wandering and getting lost in familiar places
Changes in mood and behaviour (They may become easily agitated or depressed)
Changes in personality


In the early stage, forgetfulness is quite common in old people. As more symptoms appear, a doctor should be consulted for a full assessment and to confirm the diagnosis. Referral to a geriatrician may then be necessary for assessement and advice on management.


At the present moment there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease but there are many ways to reduce the problematic nature of the symptoms.


These including having
a fixed routine daily,
making the home and surroundings safe and familiar, and
using memory aids like diaries and calendars.


There are now drugs available to help delay or prevent symptoms from becoming worse:
One group of drugs helps improve the ability to think, understand, and remember. 
Another group of drugs is also to help with behavioural problems associated with Alzheimer's disease, such as aggressiveness, agitation, depression, and anxiety.


Caring for a patient with dementia can be frustrating and stressful. It gets worse as the disease progresses. 
There are now support groups and organisations which can help caregivers.